Photokeratitis (ultraviolet [UV] burn, arc eye, snow blindness)

Photokeratitis is characterised by damage to corneal epithelial cells caused by unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light including from the sun, welding arcs, tanning lamps and therapeutic UV equipment. Symptoms including irritation, pain, redness, photophobia, blepharospasm, lacrimation and blurring can typically occur 6-12 hours after exposure, but usually resolves within 24-48 hours. This Clinical Management Guideline outlines the aetiology, signs and symptoms and evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating photokeratitis. It outlines non-pharmacological management approaches and pharmacological treatment options.

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What is photokeratitis?

This condition is also known as Arc Eye and Snow Blindness. It is caused when the eyes are exposed to too much ultraviolet (UV) light. After a delay of 6 to 12 hours following exposure to arc welding, sun lamps or other sources of UV light, the eyes become red, painful, watery and unduly sensitive to light. The vision may become blurred and the eyelids may be red and swollen. These symptoms are caused by temporary damage to the cells on the surface of the eye. 

How is photokeratits managed?

Fortunately the condition gets better by itself and there is usually no permanent damage. Eye drops can be prescribed to make the eyes more comfortable while they recover. Pain relief tablets may be needed also.

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Last updated

Photokeratitis (Ultraviolet [UV] burn, Arc eye, Snow Blindness)
Version 14
Date of search 02.10.23
Date of revision 27.11.23
Date of publication 23.01.24
Date for review 01.10.25
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