What is chemical trauma of the eye?

A variety of chemicals, coming into accidental or deliberate contact with the eye, can damage it. These include alkalis, acids, detergents, solvents, certain contact lens solutions and pepper spray or tear gas. Generally, the damage is greatest with alkalis such as ammonia, found in some household cleaners, and sodium hydroxide, present in drain and oven cleaners, as these chemicals pass easily through the outer coat of the eye. Chemical injuries can occur in assaults, and in work, DIY or household accidents, also in riot control and warfare situations.

How is chemical trauma of the eye managed?

Contact of chemical substances with the eye can cause a serious injury if not treated quickly. It is important to flush the eye immediately with saline, or if not available with tap water, for at least 20 minutes before seeking medical attention.

The result of a chemical injury to the eye is usually pain, redness and watering of the eye, all of which may be severe, and there may be loss of vision also. The task of the optometrist is to quickly judge the nature and extent of the injury and then, in all but mild cases, to flush the eye with large amounts of irrigating solution in an attempt to wash away the alkali or acid that may have caused the injury.

After this first aid, the optometrist will arrange for the ophthalmologist to see the patient as soon as possible on the same day. Depending on the severity of the injury, the ophthalmologist may admit the patient to hospital for further intensive treatment.