What is nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

The narrow tube that collects tears from the inner corner of the each eye and drains them to the inside of the nose is called the nasolacrimal duct. Normally it functions well but it may sometimes become blocked, causing the eye to water. This may happen as the result of infection, inflammation or the effects of medications or surgery. Occasionally babies are born with the duct(s) not fully open, but most of these go on to open without treatment before the age of 12 months.

How is nasolacrimal duct obstruction managed?

In adults, the blockage can be confirmed by attempting to pass a little saline solution through the nasolacrimal duct, using a small syringe. Fluorescein dye can also be used to test whether the duct is free. However, syringing by itself rarely cures the blockage. If infection is the cause, antibiotic drops may be needed.

If the optometrist’s management of the condition is not successful, the patient should be referred to the ophthalmologist, who may carry out further tests including special X-rays. If surgery is needed, a new passage can be created between the tear sac (at the inner corner of the eye) and the inside of the nose; this can be done either using conventional surgical instruments or with the aid of a laser.